Meningioma imaging comparison of single proton beam (left) and single photon beam (right).
Most radiation treatments use X-rays, but proton therapy uses protons, which are tiny particles from the center of an atom. Compared to a beam of X-rays, a proton beam can better concentrate the radiation in the target, conforming more closely to the shape and depth of a tumor and avoiding normal, healthy tissues. Another unique feature is that after treating the target, protons come to a complete stop, meaning they deliver no radiation dose to areas beyond the target, resulting in less radiation to healthy tissues around the tumor.
Because proton beams can reduce or eliminate radiation to sensitive normal healthy tissues and organs, proton therapy may reduce some of the side effects that can occur as a result of radiation treatments and may reduce some potential long-term side effects and risks that can occur months or years after radiation treatment.
Clinical benefits of proton therapy include:
- Reduced or avoidance of unnecessary radiation to nontarget healthy tissues and organs
- May result in fewer side effects and risks compared to photons in certain patients
- Reduced risk of secondary cancers caused by radiation
- Helpful in treating complex or irregularly shaped tumors that are in close proximity to vital organs, critical structures, or important healthy tissue
- May be used to treat tumors that have recurred after prior radiation treatment, a situation where other types of radiation may not be a good option